Urofsky traces the evolution of affirmative action through labor and the struggle for racial equality, writing of World War I and the exodus that began when some six million African Americans moved northward between 19, one of the greatest internal migrations in the countrys history. Melvin Urofsky explores affirmative action in relation to sex, gender, and education and shows that nearly every public university in the country has at one time or another, successfully or not, instituted some form of affirmative action plan. Kennedys Executive Order 10925, mandating that federal contractors take affirmative action to ensure that there be no discrimination by race, creed, color, or national origin down to todays American society. Book Synopsis A rich, multifaceted history of affirmative action from the Civil Rights Act of 1866 through todays tumultuous times From an acclaimed legal historian, a history of affirmative action from its beginning with the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to the first use of the term in 1935 with the enactment of the National Labor Relations Act (the Wagner Act) to 1961 and John F. We come to fully understand the societal impact of affirmative action: how and why it has helped, and inflamed, people of all walks of life how it has evolved and how, and why, it is still needed.

In this important, ambitious, far-reaching book, Urofsky writes about the affirmative action cases decided by the Supreme Court: cases that either upheld or struck down particular plans that affected both governmental and private entities. He describes how Harry Truman, after bing president in 1945, fought for Roosevelts Fair Employment Practice Act and, surprising everyone, appointed a distinguished panel to serve as the Presidents Commission on Civil Rights, as well as appointing the first Black judge on a federal appeals court in 1948 and, by executive order later that year, ordering full racial integration in the armed forces. Urofsky traces the evolution of affirmative action through labor and the struggle for racial equality, writing of World War I and the exodus that began when some six mil-lion African Americans moved northward between 19, one of the greatest internal migrations in the countrys history. About the Book Melvin Urofsky explores affirmative action in relation to sex, gender, and education and shows that nearly every public university in the country has at one time or another instituted some form of affirmative action plan-some successful, others not.

Louis D. Brandeis by Melvin I. Urofsky